Paragraph in english,paragraph writing,english paragraph for ssc/hsc,short paragraph in english
Paragraph in english,paragraph writing,english paragraph for ssc/hsc,short paragraph in english
THE
GRAMEEN BANK
(a) What is
Grameen Bank? (b) What is the purpose of the Grameen Bank? (c) Why did Dr.
Muhammad Yunus establish the Grameen Bank? (d) To whom does the Grameen Bank
provide loan? (e) What is the function of the chairman of the group? (g) What
is the achievement of the bank?
Grameen Bank is
a bank which gives loans to the poor village people. The purpose of this bank
is to remove the poverty of the rural poor people since most of the people of
this country are poor. Professor Yunus is an economist. The poor condition of
the most of the people of this country hurts him. So he tries to find out the
way of removing poverty. He introduces micro credit system among a limited
number of poor people and he and he becomes successful in his plan. Then he
sets up a bank and today that very bank is known as Grameen Bank. His
programmes succeeds and thousands of people have been able to see better days
in their life. However the Grameen Bank provides credit to the poor
particularly to the poor rural women. Before taking loan from the Grameen Bank
the poor rural women are to form five or six group of workers consisting of
five members in each group. Then they are to set up a centre from where the
bank will work to give loans and receive repayment of loans. All the group members
are to become registered members of the Grameen Bank. Each group selects a
chairperson and a secretary. They will hold their posts for a year. The group
chairperson will be responsible for discipline in the group. Members will
conduct their business with the bank through her. All members are obliged to
attend any meetings called. They are fully aware of the rules and procedures.
Each member is given a registered number. The bank has raised consciousness
among the poor, changed their poor, economic condition, has developed their
skills and has created employment opportunities. The bank has a positive effect
on socio-economic variables, including children's schooling, children nutrition
and family planning.
গ্রামীণ ব্যাংক এমন একটি ব্যাংক যা গ্রামের দরিদ্র মানুষকে ঋণ দেয়। এই ব্যাংকের উদ্দেশ্য গ্রামীণ দরিদ্র মানুষের দারিদ্র্য দূর করা যেহেতু এদেশের অধিকাংশ মানুষই দরিদ্র। অধ্যাপক ইউনূস একজন অর্থনীতিবিদ। এদেশের অধিকাংশ মানুষের দরিদ্র অবস্থা তাকে পীড়া দেয়। তাই তিনি দারিদ্র্য দূর করার উপায় খুঁজে বের করার চেষ্টা করেন। তিনি সীমিত সংখ্যক দরিদ্র মানুষের মধ্যে ক্ষুদ্রঋণ ব্যবস্থা চালু করেন এবং তিনি এবং তিনি তার পরিকল্পনায় সফল হন। তারপর তিনি একটি ব্যাংক স্থাপন করেন এবং আজ সেই ব্যাংকটি গ্রামীণ ব্যাংক নামে পরিচিত। তার কর্মসূচী সফল হয় এবং হাজার হাজার মানুষ তাদের জীবনে ভালো দিন দেখতে সক্ষম হয়। তবে গ্রামীণ ব্যাংক দরিদ্রদের বিশেষ করে দরিদ্র গ্রামীণ মহিলাদের ঋণ প্রদান করে। গ্রামীণ ব্যাংক থেকে ঋণ নেওয়ার আগে দরিদ্র গ্রামীণ নারীদের প্রতিটি গ্রুপে পাঁচজন সদস্যের সমন্বয়ে পাঁচ বা ছয়টি কর্মী গঠন করতে হবে। তারপর তাদের একটি কেন্দ্র স্থাপন করতে হবে যেখান থেকে ব্যাংক ঋণ প্রদান এবং ঋণ পরিশোধের জন্য কাজ করবে। গ্রুপের সকল সদস্যকে গ্রামীণ ব্যাংকের নিবন্ধিত সদস্য হতে হবে। প্রতিটি গ্রুপ একজন চেয়ারপারসন এবং একজন সেক্রেটারি নির্বাচন করে। তারা এক বছরের জন্য তাদের পদে থাকবেন। গ্রুপের চেয়ারপারসন গ্রুপে শৃঙ্খলার জন্য দায়ী থাকবেন। সদস্যরা তার মাধ্যমে ব্যাংকের সাথে তাদের ব্যবসা পরিচালনা করবেন। ডাকা যেকোন মিটিংয়ে সকল সদস্য উপস্থিত থাকতে বাধ্য। তারা নিয়ম-কানুন সম্পর্কে সম্পূর্ণ ওয়াকিবহাল। প্রতিটি সদস্যকে একটি নিবন্ধিত নম্বর দেওয়া হয়। ব্যাংকটি দরিদ্রদের মধ্যে চেতনা জাগিয়েছে, তাদের দরিদ্র, অর্থনৈতিক অবস্থার পরিবর্তন করেছে, তাদের দক্ষতা বৃদ্ধি করেছে এবং কর্মসংস্থানের সুযোগ সৃষ্টি করেছে। শিশুদের স্কুল, শিশুদের পুষ্টি এবং পরিবার পরিকল্পনা সহ আর্থ-সামাজিক পরিবর্তনের উপর ব্যাংকটির ইতিবাচক প্রভাব রয়েছে।
THE WORLD MOTHER LANGUAGE DAY
OR, INTERNATIONAL MOTHER
LANGUAGE DAY
(a) What does
the holy Quran. say about mother tongue? (b) Why is mother tongue important?
(c) What is the historical back ground of the day? (d) What was the declaration
of the UNESCO regarding the day? (e) Why was the declaration made?
Mother tongue is
a divine gift. From the holy Quran we come to know that the most merciful
Almighty has bestowed a' mother tongue upon each and every caste, creed and
colour. Mother tongue is, so imporant that the people of a country express
their ideas, thoughts, feelings emotions etc. clearly through mother tongue.
But it is an irony of fate that the then rulers of Pakistan tried to impose
Urdu as mother tongue upon us instead of Bangla. But the people of our country
raised their voice against this unlawful decision. Some of the heroic sons came
forward and sacrified their glorious life for the casue of our mother tongue on
the 21st February, 1952. Since then this day is called the Shaheed Dibash.
Every year we remember this day with solemnity and pay them profound tribute.
Now it is a great pleasure for us that. The UNESCO has announced February 21 as
the International Mother Language Day to be observed globally in recognition of
the sacrifices of the martyrs for establishing the rightful place of Bangla. It
is a great tribute and glowing homage paid by the international community to
the Language martyrs of Bangladesh. The sacrifices of all the martyrs for
championing the cause of their mother tongue have received now a glorious
recognition by the people of the world.
DEFORESTATION
(a) What do you
mean by deforestation? (b) What are the causes of deforestation? (c) What are
the effects of deforestation? (d) What measures should be taken to prevent
deforestation?
Deforestation
means cutting down trees in large number. The causes of deforestation are many.
Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world. Its population
is much more in proportion to its area. This huge number of population needs
more shelter. agricultural land, fuel, furniture etc. For all these reasons
people cut trees. Moreover there are some dishonest people who cut trees in our
forests to make money. They effects of deforestation are too many to describe.
This destruction distrubs our ecological balance. The existence of animals are
going to be threatened. Due to deforestation carbon dioxide is Increasing
worldwide. As a result, the world is becoming warmer. The sea level is rising
and many parts of the world is going to be engulfed by the sea in recent
future. On the other hand, new areas of the world are turning into deserts as a
result of deforestation. Theremoval of trees causes birds and other animals
living on them to leave the place. It also causes serious damage to the soil,
as trees give portection to soil as well. In the end, the soil gets sediment in
the river bed and causes frequent floods. So, if we destroy trees at random,
one day the country will turn into a great desert. All living animals and birds
will not find any food or shelter to live in. They will be destroyed. There
will be no rain and as a result our agriculture will face a great crisis. The
temperature will rise and it will cause green house effect. The country will be
unsuitable for living and various natural calamities like flood, drought, storm
etc. will visit our country. Immediate measures should be taken to prevent
deforestation. People should be made aware of tree plantation through mass
media. Tree plantation programme should be extended throughout the country.
বন উজাড় করা মানেই প্রচুর পরিমাণে গাছ কাটা। বন উজাড়ের কারণ অনেক। বাংলাদেশ বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে ঘনবসতিপূর্ণ দেশ। এলাকা অনুপাতে এর জনসংখ্যা অনেক বেশি। এই বিপুল সংখ্যক জনসংখ্যার আরও আশ্রয় প্রয়োজন। কৃষি জমি, জ্বালানি, আসবাবপত্র ইত্যাদি এসব কারণে মানুষ গাছ কেটে ফেলে। তাছাড়া কিছু অসাধু লোক আছে যারা টাকা কামানোর জন্য আমাদের বনে গাছ কাটে। বন উজাড়ের তাদের প্রভাব বর্ণনা করার মতো অনেক বেশি। এই ধ্বংস আমাদের পরিবেশগত ভারসাম্য নষ্ট করে। প্রাণীদের অস্তিত্ব হুমকির মুখে পড়তে চলেছে। বন উজাড়ের কারণে বিশ্বব্যাপী কার্বন ডাই অক্সাইডের পরিমাণ বাড়ছে। ফলে পৃথিবী উষ্ণ হয়ে উঠছে। সমুদ্রপৃষ্ঠের উচ্চতা বাড়ছে এবং সাম্প্রতিক ভবিষ্যতে বিশ্বের অনেক অংশ সমুদ্র দ্বারা আচ্ছন্ন হতে চলেছে। অন্যদিকে, বন উজাড়ের ফলে বিশ্বের নতুন নতুন এলাকাগুলো মরুভূমিতে পরিণত হচ্ছে। গাছ কেটে ফেলার ফলে তাদের উপর বসবাসকারী পাখি এবং অন্যান্য প্রাণীরা স্থান ত্যাগ করে। এটি মাটিরও মারাত্মক ক্ষতি করে, কারণ গাছ মাটিকেও পোর্টেকশন দেয়। শেষ পর্যন্ত, নদীর তলদেশে মাটি পলি পড়ে এবং ঘন ঘন বন্যার কারণ হয়। তাই এলোমেলোভাবে বৃক্ষ নিধন করলে দেশ একদিন মরুভূমিতে পরিণত হবে। সমস্ত জীবন্ত প্রাণী ও পাখি বসবাসের জন্য কোন খাদ্য বা আশ্রয় পাবে না, তারা ধ্বংস হয়ে যাবে। বৃষ্টি হবে না এবং এর ফলে আমাদের কৃষি বড় সংকটের মুখে পড়বে। তাপমাত্রা বৃদ্ধি পাবে এবং এটি গ্রিন হাউস প্রভাব সৃষ্টি করবে। দেশ বসবাসের অনুপযোগী হয়ে পড়বে এবং বিভিন্ন প্রাকৃতিক দুর্যোগ যেমন বন্যা, খরা, ঝড় ইত্যাদি আমাদের দেশে আসবে। বন উজাড় রোধে অবিলম্বে ব্যবস্থা নিতে হবে। গণমাধ্যমের মাধ্যমে বৃক্ষরোপণে জনগণকে সচেতন করতে হবে। সারাদেশে বৃক্ষরোপণ কর্মসূচি সম্প্রসারিত করতে হবে।
MOBILE PHONE
(a) What is a mobile phone? (b) Who are the
users of it? (c) Where can it be used? (d) What are
the advantages
and disadvantages?
Mobile phone is
one of the wonderful wonders of science. It has added a new dimension to our
life and to communication system. It is a telephone system that works without
any wire. It can be moved easily and quickly from place to place. Through
mobile phone, we can send messages to distant places, play games and sports,
know about time, solve the work of calculation, be aware of different kinds of
news and views. At present the popularity of the mobile phone is increasing.
Many companies are also being set up for selling mobile phone. The price of
mobile phone is also decreasing in comparison with the past. People are being
encouraged to buy a mobile-phone set at a cheaper rate. However with the touch
of science and technology, the whole world seems to be a global village. In a
very single moment, we can communicate with the people living in a very distant
place. With all its advantages, the mobile phone has still some drawbacks in
disguise. Though the price of it is decreasing. per minute bill is not
decreasing. So everybody cannot possess it. Scientists have recently discovered
that mobile phone can cause cancer to the users, Besides, it has become a
fashion with the young people. Last but not the least, terrorists are using it
to spread out terrorism all around the world. But in spite of all these
disadvantages, it can be finalised here that the necessity of a mobile phone in
exchanging messages, cannot be denied in the true sense of the term in our
practical life.
ΤΟΚΑΙ
Who is a Tokal?
How is his dress? How does he earn his livelihood? Where does he sleep? When
does he seem to be imporant?
A tokai is a
small boy who lives in the street. He supports himself by begging or by
collecting left over things and selling them. His way of living is very
pathetic. He is uncared for. He is shelterless. He has no particular living or
sleeping place. He sleeps on the street. He moves aimlessly on the street.
Sometimes he is seen pushing carts, selling flowers or begging in the street to
support himself. He may have parents or not. He does not know the where abouts
of his parents. He can not recollect the memories of his parents, brothers
sisters and his native village. He can not go to school for poverty. So he is
deprived of the light of education. Sometimes he has to bear physical
punishment. In fact he is deprived of all sorts of a child right. It is an
irony of fate. We have forgot that today's child is tomorrow's future. So not
only the government but also all conscious people should take care of a tokal
so that he can lead a decent and dignified life keeping his head above wants.
DANGERS
OF SMOKING
Do you consider
smoking a very bad habit? What are the dangers of smoking? How can a smoker
harm a non-smoker? Are there smokers in your family? Do you think that smoking
in public places should be banned?
It goes without
saying that smoking is a dangerously bad habit. It causes many fatal diseases.
It causes cancer, heart attack, chronic bronchitis and some other diseases. One
puff of cigarette contains fifteen billion particles of injurious matters.
Nicotine is one of them. It prevents the free flow of blood through the veins.
This reduces the supply of oxygen in the body. It damages our lungs. People
addicted to smoking lose their appetite for food and energy for power. Smoking
also pollutes the environment and the air. Besides, it causes irritation in the
eye, offends the nose and unsettles the mind. Smoking is so dangerous that the
stench of cigarette is repulsive to a non-smoker. Moreover, It wastes a lot of
money. We are very fortunate that there is no smoker in our family. It is very
essential to ban smoking in public places so that smokers can not do any harm
to non-smokers.
YOUR
FAVOURITE TEACHER
What is the name
of your favourite English teacher? What is his qualification? How does he
present the lessons? How does he help the backward students? How does he behave
with the students? Is he interested in co-curricular activities? What are his
other qualities that attract you much?
Mr. Ahmed is my
favourite teacher. He teachers us English. He is 30 with a good health. He is a
brilliant scholar with a sound academic career. He is an M.A. in English. His
method of teaching is very easy and lucid. He has a strong, clear and pleasant
voice. Everyday he teaches us in a new style. He can make any grammatical
problem easy. He knows well how to increase the curiosity of the students. In
the class room he is just like an English. His pronunication is good and he
speaks English with a foreign accent. In his class he creates an English
environment. We never feel boring in his class. Rather we feel encouraged in
his class. He is very well behaved and co-operative. He is never rude but
friendly with his students. If any student fails to understand any grammatical
problem, he then and there helps the student to understand it. He is very kind
hearted to the poor students. He is honest, sincere and dutiful. He is very strict
to law and to his principles. He has left a permanent Impression in my mind. He
is my best teacher, guide and friend.
DRUG
ADDICTION
Drug addiction
is now a global problem. This social cancer has spread its poisonous claw all
over the world. Frustration is the cause of this addiction. Unemployment
problem. political cataclysm, lack of family ties, lack of love affection etc
give rise to frustration. Again this addiction gives rise to social crimes.
When the addicted can not afford to buy drugs. they commit many kinds of social
crimes like hijacking, looting, plundering killing, robbery etc. Drugs bear a
terrible effect on human body. They kill them slowly but surely. No physician
can stop the changes that take place in the body of a drug addict. Drug
addicted people feel drowsy, lose appetite and sleep. The skin of their bodies
begin to change its colour. Drugs also damage the brain and all internal
function of the body.
However this
curse should not be allowed to go on unchecked. At any cost we must get rid of
this social cancer by highlighting its dangerous effect on human body and
society. The remedy for drug addiction is not very easy. Greed of drug traders
has grasped the whole world. Drug business is punishable and the highest
punishment is death sentence in Bangladesh. This law must be enforced
immediately. Our young generation must be aware of the dire consequence of drug
abuse. Parents must be careful of their treatment to children. Feelings of
security under loving parents may hinder children from being victims of drugs.
Religious and social values must be taught from early childhood. When each and
every person is sincere to drive this curse of drug addiction from the society,
human beings can get rid of it.
মাদকাসক্তি এখন একটি বৈশ্বিক সমস্যা। এই সামাজিক ক্যান্সার সারা বিশ্বে তার বিষাক্ত নখর ছড়িয়ে দিয়েছে। হতাশা এই আসক্তির কারণ। বেকার সমস্যা। রাজনৈতিক বিপর্যয়, পারিবারিক বন্ধনের অভাব, ভালোবাসার অভাব ইত্যাদি হতাশার জন্ম দেয়। আবার এই আসক্তি সামাজিক অপরাধের জন্ম দেয়। মাদক কেনার সামর্থ্য না থাকলে মাদকাসক্ত। তারা ছিনতাই, লুটপাট, লুণ্ঠন হত্যা, ছিনতাই ইত্যাদি নানা ধরনের সামাজিক অপরাধ করে। মাদক মানবদেহে ভয়াবহ প্রভাব ফেলে। তারা তাদের ধীরে ধীরে কিন্তু নিশ্চিতভাবে হত্যা করে। মাদকাসক্ত ব্যক্তির শরীরে যে পরিবর্তন হয় তা কোনো চিকিৎসকই থামাতে পারবেন না। মাদকাসক্ত লোকেরা তন্দ্রা অনুভব করে, ক্ষুধা হারায় এবং ঘুমায়। তাদের শরীরের চামড়া তার রং বদলাতে শুরু করে। ওষুধ মস্তিষ্ক এবং শরীরের সমস্ত অভ্যন্তরীণ ক্রিয়াকলাপকেও ক্ষতি করে।
যাইহোক, এই অভিশাপ অচেক করা যেতে দেওয়া উচিত নয়. যে কোন মূল্যে মানবদেহ ও সমাজে এর বিপজ্জনক প্রভাব তুলে ধরে আমাদের এই সামাজিক ক্যান্সার থেকে পরিত্রাণ পেতে হবে। মাদকাসক্তির প্রতিকার খুব সহজ নয়। মাদক ব্যবসায়ীদের লোভ আঁকড়ে ধরেছে সারা বিশ্ব। বাংলাদেশে মাদক ব্যবসা দণ্ডনীয় এবং সর্বোচ্চ শাস্তি মৃত্যুদণ্ড। এ আইন অবিলম্বে কার্যকর করতে হবে। আমাদের তরুণ প্রজন্মকে মাদক সেবনের ভয়াবহ পরিণতি সম্পর্কে সচেতন হতে হবে। পিতামাতাদের অবশ্যই শিশুদের প্রতি তাদের আচরণের বিষয়ে সতর্ক থাকতে হবে। প্রেমময় পিতামাতার অধীনে নিরাপত্তার অনুভূতি শিশুদের মাদকের শিকার হতে বাধা দিতে পারে। ছোটবেলা থেকেই ধর্মীয় ও সামাজিক মূল্যবোধ শেখাতে হবে। সমাজ থেকে মাদকাসক্তির এই অভিশাপ তাড়ানোর জন্য প্রতিটি মানুষ আন্তরিক হলেই মানুষ এর থেকে মুক্তি পেতে পারে।
FEMALE
EDUCATION
It is true that
women have many special tasks in life and their spheres of duties are different
from those of men. But we should remember that these tasks also need training
and education. Unless women get proper education, all their prospective
faculties get crippled. It is only by imparting proper education to them that
we can expect them to discharge the duties nicely and decently. Education of
children depends a great deal upon mothers. Childhood is the most
impressionable stage and anything good or bad, taught to child makes a great
influence on his mind. We cannot be have educated and Ideal citizens when the
mothers themselves are foolish and ignorant. Every women is a potential mother.
The future of a child depends on how it is brought up and educated in childhood.
An educated mother is naturally expected to bring up and educate her children
better than an uneducated mother.
SOUND
POLLUTION
Today sound
pollution is one of the talked topics of the day. It has reached an unbearable
level. The unncessary use of powerful vehicular horns is the main, source of
sound pollution in the City. Besides, faulty vehicles, construction sites, loud
speaker and thousands of workshops let out loud noises round the clock. In the
city, millions of people especially children are exposed to sound pollution.
This sound pollution will damage childrens power of hearing. Sound pollution is
so much harmful that it can cause a wide range of malfunctions in the human
body including heart attack, high-blood pressure. chronic depression, respiratory
disorders etc. We should take necessary measures to control sound pollution. By
developing public awareness and careful town planning sound pollution can be
controlled. Strict law should be enforced regarding sound pollution. Use of
hydrolic horns should be banned strictly.
NEWSPAPER READING
Newspaper
reading is a good habit. In the morning we eagerly wait for a newspaper. We can
not have our breakfast without a newspaper of the day. We cannot do a single
day without newspaper. It is a part and parcel in our day to day life.
Newspaper is of great use to us. It serves the purpose of people of different
sections. It acquaints us with the whole world. We get all sorts of information
in the newspapers. Through newspapers we come to know what is going on in the
world around us. By reading newspaper we know about politics. economics,
culture, literature, games and sports of the whole world. Newspaper reading
makes a man conscious. It bears the sign of good taste and wisedom. By reading
newspaper a man can keep pace with time (সময়ের সাথে তাল মিলিয়ে চলতে পারে). So the uses of newspaper reading can not be described in words.
A
JOURNEY BY TRAIN
In the last
autumn vacation I got sufficient time. So I made up my mind to make a journey
by train from Khulna to Rajshahi. I reached the station about half an hour
before the departure (ছেড়ে যাওয়া) of the train, It was then a very busy time. Rickshaws, motor cars
and other vehicles were coming to the station with passengers. After sometime
hearing a whistle, the passengers stood in a queue (সারি)
before the ticket counter. I also stood in the line and bought a second class
ticket. The right time the train came and the guard whistled and waved his
flag. Everybody tried to get into the train first. After much difficulty I got
into a second class compartment: The compartment was full to its capacity. The
train left the statiori. I looked outside and found the beauty of nature. The
train was running through green paddy fields. There were jute and sugarcane
plants here and there. They were tossing their heads in the breeze. The
compartment presented a good scene. Some of the passengers were talking on
various matters. Some were reading newspapers and magazines. Hawkers came up to
us with their goods for sale. The train reached at the Rajshahi Station at 10
p. m. I got down. The journey in my heart I bore. It gave me much pleasure.
Indeed it was one of the most memorable days in my life.
IMPORTANCE
OF TREES
Since the dawn
of civilization man has a close relation with nature. Man has made friendship
with our life. They are our friends. Trees play an important role in our life
and economy. Bangladesh is a lower reparian country. Upper levels are the best
suitable places to plant trees. Sea beaches and low-lying unused lands can be
used for tree plantation. There are many roads and highways in our country. We
can plant trees on the both sides of these roads and highways. Again in the
villages there are many proper places which can be used for tree plantation.
The sides and areas that are lying unused can be used, too. June and July are
the best time for tree plantation. Tree plantation programme should be expanded
to the remote corner of the country. Attempt should be made to make the
illiterate aware of the importance on trees. Trees are our best friends. They
are a great source of food and vitamins. As a result people can keep their body
fit and sound by taking fruits. Again we export fruits to many other countries
and earn a lot of foreign exchange. Trees are our constant companies in our day
to day life. We use them for various purposes. We can not think of our homes,
houses, residences etc. without trees. Trees bear a great impact on the
climate. If we destroy trees at random, one day the country will turn into a
great desert. Again there will be no rain and as a result the country will face
a great crisis because ours is an agricultural country and our economy is dependent
on agriculture. Again our agriculture is dependent on rain. So trees play a
vital role on our climate. Trees keep the soil strong. Trees save us from flood
and many other natural calamities. It is needless to speak of the importance of
trees. It is not possible to describe the importance and uses of trees in
words. They are part and parcel in our day to day life. We can not think of our
existence without them, Rabindranath says Back they forest, take your town.
"Our government has also launched a massive and ambitious programme
regarding tree plantaion. We should not use and destroy trees at random. Rather
we should plant trees more and more for a better, happier and healthier life.
INDEPENDENCE DAY CELEBRATION OF BANGLADESH
The 16th December is a red letter day in the history of Bangladesh. On
this day we achieved victory at the cost of a bloody battle and Bangladesh came
into being and occupied a place in the world map as an Independent country.
Every year we observe this day with great solemnity. We remember the supreme
sacrifice of the heroic sons who died for the country and pay glowing tribute
to their departed souls. The day begins with gun shot. The whole country wears
a festive look. The national flag is hoisted on the top of each house. Many
meetings, seminars, symposiums and discussions are held. People of all walks of
life go to the national mausoleum and offer flowers there as a symbol of
profound homage to the myrtered valiant soldiers. This day is a day of great
joy, hope and inspiration. This victory symbolizes victory against injustice
tyranny and falsehood. This day will remain ever fresh and ever green in the
heart of each and every Bangalee.
A PICNIC WE MADE
It was winter vacation. Our college was closed. I with some of my friends
arranged a picnic. We selected Sonargaon for the picnic spot. It is some twenty
miles of Dhaka. We got into the bus hired before at about 9 am with all
necessary utensils and materials. On the way we enjoyed very much. Some of us
were singing, some were clapping. I also sang a song which was appreciated by
all. After reaching Sonargaon, we finished our breakfast by 9.30 am. We did not
take any cook with us. Our Mathematics teacher, Mr Anwar Hossain has a
reputation as an expert in cooking. Some were singing, some were cutting jokes
and others were playing different types of games. At about 2 pm the lunch was
ready. By this time all of us became very hungry. All of us took our lunch with
full appetite. After lunch we went out for sight seeing. Sonargaon is a place
of historical interest. It was once the capital of Bengal. The museum of
Sonargaon charmed us most. We started for home at 5 pm after taking our tea. We
enjoyed the picnic most.
CELEBRATION OF THE EID-UL-FITR
How did you celebrate the Eid-ul-Fitr this year? What did you find your
mother and sisters doing in the morning of the Eid day? What did you do in the
morning? What did you find when you went to the Eidgah? What kind of feast was
arranged at your residence for this occasion? How did you spend the afternoon?
Ans: This year I celebrated the Eid-ul-Fitr with due religious solemnity
and purity. In the morning of the Eid day I found my mother and sisters
preparing different kinds of delicious items of food and sweets. In the morning
I woke up and said my Fazr prayer. I went to the pond and took my bath with
sweet smelling soap. Then I came to our house. I ate some sweets. Then I put on
my new dress and started for the Eidgah. I found people coming to the maidan. I
saw the imam speaking about the significance of month long fasting and the
Eid-ul-Fitr. Biriani was cooked at our house on the occasion. In the afternoon
I went to the house of near and dear ones and exchanged greetings with them. I
got much pleasure. Thus I spent the afternoon.
BANGLADESH
Where is Bangladesh situated? When did she get her freedom? How is the
climate in Bangladesh? Which are the main rivers of the country? What are the
main crops? What is the main occupation of the people here? What is the main
attraction of this country?
Ans: Bangladesh is a small low-lying country in the south Asia on the
Bay of Bengal. She got her freedom in 1971. The country has a tropical monsoon
climate. The country is criss-crossed by so many rivers and canals. The Padma,
the Meghna and the Jamuna are the main big rivers of the country. Jute, rice,
tea, sugercane, oilseeds, fruit, vegetables, spices. wheat, potato, tobacco and
cotton are the inain crops of the country. Agriculture is the main occupation of
the people here Chittagong and Mongla are the two main sea ports of the
country. Cox's Bazar- a place of seente beauty is the longest sea beach of the
world. The country has some world heritage sites such as the Sunderbans, the
Shat Gombuj Mosque of Bagerhat etc. After all, the people of Bangladesh are
very much peace loving.
LEISURE
(1) What's your idea about leisure? (2)How do village and city people
spend their leisure?
(iii) What are the common sports and pastimes? activities of the people?
(v) How do you evaluate travelling?
(iv) What do you know about the late winter
Ans: Leisure means time free from work or other activities. According to
me a man should enjoy leisure. Otherwise life will be meaningless. Routine work
makes life boring and monotonous. So leisure is essential to enjoy life.
Village and city people have their own way of spending their leisure. Village
people spend their leisure mostly by gossipping. When they get much leisure,
they visit their relatives. They also spend their leisure by taking part in
rural cultural activities such as jatra, Jarigan sarigan kabigan etc. Today
they listen to radio and watch television. They also spend their leisure by
arranging football tournaments and horse race, boat race etc, City people have
ample opportunity to spend their leisure. They watch TV, listen to music, read
books, visit the important places of the city, go to park. zoo, clubs, cinema
halls and do many other activities. The common pastimes are listening to radio
and watching TV. Since travelling is, a part of education, I put much
importance on travelling. It helps us to see the unseen and know the unknown.
A BOOK FAIR
What is your idea about a book fair? When and where is it usually held?
What purposes does it serve? How is it organised? What steps can can be taken
to make such a fair successful?
Ans: A book fair is a fair where different types of books are brought
for sale and show. A book fair is usually held in the month of January and
February. In our country it is held in almost all cities and towns. The largest
book fair is organized by Bangla Academy on the occasion of the 21 February.
The main purpose of a book fair is not sale but it offers a rare opportunity to
assess the advancement made in publication of books. It helps to create new
writers as well as new readers. It inspires people to form the habit of reading
books. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined tastes and national
culture of a country. A book fair reminds us that books are our best
companions. They change our outlook on life and widen our domain of knowledge.
Again we get these best friends at a cheaper rate from a book fair. In order to
organize the fair a committee is formed. The committee makes all the
arrangements to make the fair successful. Some practical measures should be
taken to make the fair successful. There should have arrangement of
refreshment. Seminars and cultural programmes should be arranged. Moreover,
strict security measures should be taken. The government should encourage the
writers and the publishers to publish creative books. Books should be sold at a
cheap price.
DOWRY
(a) What is dowry? (b) What is the main reason of dowry? (c) Who take
dowry and who are the victims of dowry? (d) How does the dowry system affect
the whole society? (e) What is your reaction to the social vice? (1) How can
this social curse be eliminated?
Ans: Dowry means property or money brought by a bride to her husband
when they marry. Usually in our society female children are considered inferior
to male children. They are thought to be of no use to the family. So, during
marriage ceremony a section of greedy people claim much wealth or money from
the guardians of the brides. The poor and illiterate girls mainly become the
victims of dowry. If the guardians fail to fulfil the demand of their
bridegroom, they misbehave with their wives and sometimes torture them
seriously. As a result many of them get divorced or commit suicide or are
killed by their husbands. This system has affected our whole society. At
present a father cannot think of the marriage of his daughter without giving
dowry to the bridegroom. I am dead against this evil system of the society.
This evil system should be uprooted from the society immediately. This social
curse can be eliminated by changing the outlook of the people especially the
male members of the society and by taking strict legal measures against the
persons who take dowry.
UNFAIRMEANS IN THE EXAMINATION
Do you support unfairmeans in the examination? Why are you against it?
Why, according to you, do the students adopt unfairmeans? What measures have
the authorities recently taken to prevent unfairmeans in the examination?
Describe the good effects of the preventive measures?
Ans: I do not support unfairmeans in the examination because it degrades
the standard of education. I am against it because unfairmeans in the
examination is a serious offence. Moreover, real education cannot be acquired
by adopting unfairmeans in the examination. The nation will plunge into
darkness if the students do not acquire true education. There are many reasons
behind copying. First of all our education system is defective. Secondly the
teachers do not teach the students in the class room well. Thirdly there are
not sufficient trained teachers. Fourthly some students engage themselves in
politics and idle away their time. Moreover, we find moral degradation is the
main factors for copying in the examination. Besides, after liberation many
schools and colleges have been set up on political ground. These Institutions
do not have any academic atmosphere. So the students of these schools and
colleges cannot but adopt unfairmeans in the examination. In order to solve
copying in the examination the Govt. has taken some preventive measures. First
of all the Govt. is trying to raise public awareness through mass media.
Recently the government has enforced a law that if any student is found copying
in the examination hall. he will be expelled from the examination hall. If any
invigilator is found helping any examinee, legal action will be taken against
her/him. Even if outsiders are found involved in helping any examinee in
copying, they will also be punished. The government has interchanged the
examination centres and formed invigilation teams to monitor the overall
condition of the examination centres. For taking all these measures,
unfairmeans in the exam halls have reduced much.
THE KIND OF FAMILY YOU LIKE
What kind of family do you live in? Extended or nuclear? Why is nuclear
family getting popularity nowadays? What are the advantages you find in a
nuclear family? What are the disadvantages of it? Do you like nuclear family?
If so, why? If not, why?
Ans: I live in a small family consisting of my parents and my younger
sister. It is a nuclear family. Nowadays life has become very expensive.
Moreover, there is accommodation problem. So nuclear family is getting
popularity. I find that a nuclear family has some advantages. It is calm and
quiet because there are only a few family members. I enjoy peace and happiness
in a nuclear family. I need not think of others. So, I enjoy much time to do a
lot of work. In a nuclear family, I have got less duties and responsibilities
than in an extended family. So. I can remain free from anxiety. I can have much
free time to move. In a nuclear family, specially a student enjoys much free
time. Again, a nuclear family is free from noise and disturbance. So, I feel
very happy there. But there is no unmixed blessing in the world. Nuclear family
is not without its disadvantages. One often feels very lonely and bored. If any
member faces any problem, there is none to come forward to extend his help to
him or her. In a nuclear family it becomes very difficult to take any important
decision because his/her decision may not be wise always, Despite some
disadvantages ! like nuclear family.
GOOD HEALTH
What is good health? How can one keep good health? Do all the people of
our country get the food they need for good health? Are the rich and educated
people of our country conscious of the rules of good health? What impact do the
complexities of life have on our health? Do you think a simple and care-free
life is conducive to good health?
Ans: Good health means soundness of body and mind, It keeps one fit and
free from diseases. By observing certain rules, one can keep good health. One
is to take a balanced diet, drink pure water, take regular exercise and rest
etc. He is also to observe the rules of cleanliness. Since most of the people
of our country live below the poverty level, they do not >
get the food they need for good health. Even the rich and the educated
people are not conscious of the rules of good health. They do not take a
balanced diet because they think that costly food means a nutritive food. As a
result most of the people of our country suffer from various complexities.
These complexities bear harmful effect on our health like frustration,
hopelessness étc. But only taking a balanced diet is not enough to keep good
health. The person who is ambitious and runs after wealth cannot maintain a
good health. By keeping simple and care free life one can lead a peaceful life.
THE MOST COMMON NATURAL CALAMITY OF BANGLADESH
(a) Why is Bangladesh called a land of natural calamities? (b) What is
the most common natural calamity here? (c) When does it occur? (d) What is the
fmpact? (e) How do the people suffer?
Ans: Bangladesh is called a land of natural calamities because every
year she falls victim to various natural calamities like cyclone, tidal-surge,
storm, river-erosion, drought. flood and so on. The most common natural
calamity that visits Bangladesh every year is flood. It occurs particularly
during the rainy reason. The effects of flood beggar description. It leaves a
vast trail of devastation. The affected people and animals suffer untold
sufferings. It causes heavy damage to our life and properties. Houses are destroyed,
cattle are washed away, crops are greatly damaged and trees are uprooted,
Thousands of people and other animals remain without food for many days. The
after effect of flood is more serious. Sometimes famine breaks out. Many people
and animals die for want of food. The prices of all necessary things go up.
Many dangerous diseases like cholera, typhoid and dysentery etc. break out in
an epidemic form.
IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH
(a) Why is English called an International Languge? (b). Why should we
learn English? (c) What do you think about the necessity of grammar in learning
English? (d) How does your English textbook help you learn English? Ans:
English is called an international language because English is spoken all over
the
world. It has earned the prestige of being the international language
because all kinds of international communications are maintained through
English. The Importance of English can't be described in words because it's an
international language. We need to learn English for our higher education. It's
the store house of knowledge. All the books on higher education of every branch
of knowledge are written in English. If we want to earn vast knowledge and
higher education in any branch, we are to take the help from those books. All
that is the best in European and American thought is available through English.
If this source is dried up, we shall go backward. Today more than 80% of all
the information in the world's computers is in English. So if we dont know English,
we will fail to keep pace with the progressive force of the world. If anybody
wants to learn correct English. s/he should learn grammar well. Grammar is the
vital part of any language. Every language has certain rules and regulations to
follow. Grammar contains these rules and regulations. We can speak, read and
listen to but to write and speak a language we're to know grammar. It's very
essential. Grammar helps us to know the proper use of a language, A man may
have a rich stock of vocabulary but if he doesn't know grammar, he won't be
able to make the best use of his rich vocabulary. Our present English text book
is based on communicative approach. It helps us speak and write English well.
OUR COUNTRY
(a) Where is Bangladesh located? (b) When did she get her freedom? (c)
Where is the capital of Bangladesh? (d) What are the different religions here?
(e) What are some of the common customs and traditions that people follow? (1)
What are the main tourist spots in Bangladesh?
Ans: Bangladesh is a small low-lying country in the south Asia on the
Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh became independent in 1971 at the cost of supreme
sacrifice of many valiant sons. The ancient elty Dhaka is the capital of
Bangladesh. People of different religions live here. They are mostly Muslims,
Hindus, Christians, Buddhists. People of different tribes also live here.
Bangladesh has an age old tradition and customs. People observe different
festivals on different occasions. The most common customs and traditions the
people observe are Pahela Baishakh. Nabanna. Pahela Falgun etc. Since
Bangladesh is the darling child of nature, she has got some attractive tourist
spots which are full of natural scenic beauty. So the country has many tourist
spots. They are Cox's Bazar sea beach. Kuakata. the Sundarbans, the Shatgombuj
Mosque, the Buddhist Bihara etc.
A KITCHEN GARDEN
(a) What is a kitchen garden? (b) Where is your one? (c) When are you
busy here?
(d) What do you cultivate ? (e) How does it help your family?
Ans: A kitchen garden is a garden where various kinds of seasonal
vegetables are grown for the consumption of a family. Since I know that
vegetables are essential to keep good health, I have made a kitchen garden
behind our house. I usually work there in the morning and in the afternoon. I
weed out the garden, water the plants, spread fertilizer etc. I spend busy time
in the afternoon. I cultivate all kinds of seasonal vegetables like cabbage.
cauliflower egg-plant, tomato, gourd, pumpkin, pepper etc. My kitchen garden is
not only a source of vegetables to my family but also a source of income. We
don't need to buy any vegetables from the market. It supplies fresh vegetables
to my family. Thus it helps my family.
ENVIRONMENT
What does the environment refer to? What elements make up the
environment? What is the relation among different elements? What will happen if
this relationship is disturbed? What is the necessity of maintaining ecological
balance? Do you have any idea about its solution?
Ans: The environment refers to the air, water and land in which people,
animals, and plants live. So human beings, animals, plants, air, water and
soil, the natural forces such as storms, cyclones and earthquakes and climate
make up the environment. All things that make up the environment are
interrelated. The way in which people, animals and plants are related to each
other and to their surroundings is known as ecology. The ecosystem is a complex
web that links animals, plants and every other life form in the biosphere. All
these things hang together. The system is in a steady state of dynamic balance.
If the relationship is disturbed, it affects all the other parts. For example,
the destruction of forests may have serious ecological consequences on humans
and animals. To make life healthy and comfortable ecological balance is
necessary. We can maintain ecological balance by doing wise things. It is our
duty to prevent the environment from being spoilt.
MY VISIT TO A ZOO
What is the name of the zoo you visited? When did you visit it? Where is
it located? How big is the area of the zoo? How many kinds of birds and animals
did you find there? What were the main attractions of the zoo? How long did you
stay there? What was your feeling at that time?
Ans: During the last winter vacation. I along with a few friends went to
visit our National Zoo. It is located at Mirpur. It is the biggest zoo in our
country covering a huge area. I saw there many kinds of birds and animals. But
the birds and animals that drew my attention most were tigers, lions,
elephants, monkeys, dear etc. At first I went into the shed in which the
monkeys were. Before I could get near them I could hear their chattering. They
were jumping from one bar to another. I liked their performances and gave them
a whole bunch of plantains. My attention was next drawn to the cage in which
there were two big snakes. They seemed to be asleep, The sight of the snakes
made my blood creep. I then saw some deer whose beautiful eyes attracted me. I
turned away from them to the place where the tigers were held in a cage. They
greeted me and many others with loud growls. They impressed me with their
majesty. I felt rather happy when I visited the birds. They were of various
colours and shapes. They were large in number. They attracted me most. I saw
two crocodiles kept in a small pond. I also saw a gorilla. I also visited some
other beasts and water animals. I spent several hours. There were some fast food
shops. I took light refreshment. The environment was calm and quiet. The
natural scenery of our national zoo is very beautiful. I was was beside myself
with joy. It was one of the most memorable days in my life. I bore the visit in
my heart.
NECESSITY OF SPORTS
(a) Why are sports necessary? (b) What type of sports are very popular?
(e) Do sports help us any how? (d) Do you take part in sports? (e) Do sports
strengthen international brotherhood?
Sports are very essential for us. There are various types of sports.
Among them cricket. football, volleyball, swimming etc. are very popular. All
types of sports are beneficial to us. There is relation between the body and
the mind "A sound mind in a sound body" is a wise saying. In order to
win success in life we should have sound health which depends on regular
participation in games and sports. Sports keep us physically fit. Sports
exercise an important influence in forming one's personality. Another value of
sports and games is that they are excellent means of recreation. Sports give
fresh vigour and energy and make us forget our cares and anxieties. Sports also
teach us coolness, courage and self control. I am fond of playing outdoor games
especially football. Sports strengthen international brotherhood. The sports
venue becomes a meeting place of people from different countries when people of
different nations get together. On the occasion of an international sporting
event they come to close to each other sharing views, opinions and feelings.
NECESSITY OF EDUCATION
(a) What do you think about the necessity of education? (b) Can
education really remove the darkness of ignorance? (c) How does education
promote understanding among people? (d) How can education contribute towards
change for the better?
Education is essential to lead a happy, peaceful and prosperous life. It
is needed to provide opportunities of growth and to overcome obstacle to
progress. Education is compared to light which removes the darkness of ignorance
and helps us distinguish between right and wrong. The task of education is to
make a man a citizen-physically, mentally and morally and prepare him for a
profession whereby he could earn his own livelihood and contribute to the
society. It is one of the most important social phenomenon which makes sure
that the individual is prepared from an early age to acquire values, knowledge
and practical skills within a particular culture. Education, helps a man keep
pace with the people around the world. Thus education promotes understanding
among people. Education contributes greatly towards change for the better. It
is education which teaches a man to fight against all the problems of life. It
helps overcome the obstacles that stand in the way to development.
A JOURNEY BY TRAIN
(a) Did you ever go on a journey by train? (b) When did you go? (c) What
was the occasion? (d) Describe the journey? (e) How much did you enjoy it?
During the last autumn vacation I made a journey by train from Khulna to
Rajshahi to attend the marriage ceremony of the elder sister of one of my
closest friends. I reached the station about half an hour before the departure
(ছেড়ে যাওয়া) of the train. It was then a very busy time.
Rickshaws, motor cars and other vehicles were coming to the station with
passengers. After sometimes hearing a whistle, the passengers stood in a queue
(সারি) before the ticket
counter. I also stood in the line and bought a second class ticket. The train
came at the right time and the guard whistled and waved his flag. Everybody
tried to get into the train first. After much difficulty I got into a second
class compartment. The compartment was full to its capacity. The train left the
station. I looked outside and found the beauty of nature. The train was running
inrough green paddy fields. There were jute and sugarcane plants here and
there. They were tossing their heads in the breeze. The compartment presented a
good scene. Some of the passengers were talking on various matters. Some were
reading newspapers and magazines. Hawkers came up to us with their goods for
sale. The train reached at the Rajshahi Station at 10 pin. I got down. The
journey in my heart I bore. It gave me much pleasure. Indeed it was one of the
most memorable days in my life. TAPSTAR Зав
SOCIAL VALUE
(a) What is social value? (b) How were the social values in the past?
(c) How are they now? (d) What are the causes of the present social
values? (e), What are the effects of social values in the present age? (f) How
should social values be preserved?
Social values are the customs, belief, tastes, social practices and
norms, and attitudes of a particular social community. Social value refers to
the attitude or 'code of conduct' that an individual in certain society has to
conform to. Social values determine course of social life of a person and
regulate his or her life to a great extent. It is one's commitment to social
values that one can not get involved in anti-social and criminal or notorious,
activities. Social values direct an individual to maintain social harmony, to
conform to what is accepted by majority of the society, and refrain him or her
from doing such things those are destructive to social peace and order. In the
past social values were very compact and rigid and every individual tried best
to maintain or conform to that values. But now people are unconscious and
sometimes callous to social values. Lust, greed for money and power. injustice
and discrimination in society, excessive desire or mania to achieve something
illegally and unfairly, and desire for material gain are the causes of present
degradation of social values. As a result we observe degradation of social
values in our society. Violation and degradation of social values have adverse
effects in the society. As we see around us that youngers don't show any
respect to their superiors, family ties breakdown, often a family disintegrates,
children go astray, young people become drug addicted, or get involved in
various anti-social and immoral activities. These are all signs of people's
loss of the sense of morality of ethics resulting from social degradation. We,
should be alert to preserve social values. To do so, we can develop
intra-social relationship among its members, keep an eye on our youngers so
that they are not derailed, and not allow any such things to happen that
destroy people's morality and goad them to do unsocial and anti-social things.
ENGLISH AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE
(a) What is an international language? (b) Why is English called so? (c)
is there any necessity to learn this language? If so, why? (d) How does grammar
help us learn a language? (e) Does your English Text Book help you learn
English? How?
When a language is used and spoken by nations or by people around the
world, it gets the status of an international language. For various reasons
English has become an international language. When people of two different
languages meet and need to talk or exchange Ideas or information, they need a
third or common language that is understood by both the parties. English, due
to its global use, serves this communicative purpose well. So. to communicate
with speakers of other languages, we need to learn English. Besides, English is
an official and semi-official language in more then 60 countries in the world.
Multinational companies use English in their correspondence and for business
purposes. Books on any subject, and also any information is available in
English. So, for business. higher education, or a good job we need to learn
English. Grammar helps us learn a language. It gives us knowledge about the
form and structure of a language it works. But grammar is not a must in
learning English. We can develop our skill in English by reading English books
extensively. English Text Book can help us learn English to a great extant. So,
we should read more and more English text books to learn English well.
THE 21ST FEBRUARY
(a) What do you know about the 21st February? (b) Why is the day
important in our life? (c) What is the historical background of this day? (d)
What has this day brought for us? (e) Who were the martyrs of this day? (1)
What is the present status of this day? (g) How is this day celebrated now?
The 21st February is a red letter day in our history. It is observed as
the Shaheed Day or Mother Language Day. Throughout the year of 1952 the
students and general people of the then East Pakistan protested against the
adamant declaration of the Pakistant leaders that "Urdu shall be the only
state language of Pakistan." The Bangalis opposed and protested this
unjust imposition and denial of the status of their mother language. They
demanded for Bangla to be given the status of the state language. Their
protests culminated on 21 February 1952 when the police fired on a procession
brought by the students at Dhaka University campus. Some of valiant souls -
Rafiq, Jabbar, Salam, Barkat were killed. They are the first martyrs in the
world for the cause of language. This blood-shedding is the historical 21st
February. Since then the day is being observed as Shaheed Dibash. Through their
sacrifices and blood, the martyrs brought home their demand for the status of
Mother Language. In recognition of the struggle and sacrifices of the heroic
Bangalis, and to promote and sustain every language in the world the UNESCO
declared 21st February as International Mother Language Day in 1998. Since then
the day is observed with honour and solemnity thoughtout the world.
CHILDHOOD MEMORIES
(a) Can you remember the days when you were a child? (b) Where did you
pass your childhood? (c) Do you remember your first school? How were the
teachers like? And your classmates? (d) What type of a child were you? Smart?
Or shy? (e) What sweet memories of your early life do you have? (f) Do you have
any bitter experiences? (g) How do you feel when you have recollections of your
childhood days?
Man is fond of turning back from the present to the past again and
again. The present may be good but the past is golden. Nothing is more pleasant
to him than the memories of his childhood. The memories of my childhood haunt
me like a passion. Whenever I am sick of the present, I try to get relief in
the past days of my childhood. A man cannot remember everything that happened
in his childhood. But certain events are stored in the sub-conscious mind. They
sometime peep through mind's eye. I spent my childhood in my native village.
When I was six, my father got me admitted into our village primary school where
I spent four years. On the first day when I entered the school-compound with my
father, the children were enjoying here and there. My mind was troubled with
fear. But the warmth with which my classmates received me dispelled all my
fears. My heart began to beat fast when I was taken to the Headmaster but his
smiling face and gentle words put me at ease. The teachers were very helpful.
From the very childhood I was extrovert. So I could easily cope with all types
of situation. I I have so many sweet memories in my early life. My playground
was the bank of the mighty Teesta. In all the seasons this river had great
attraction for me. Whenever I was not at home, I could be found on its bank. I
was very fond of stealing mangoes, liches, black berries and other fruits in
the company of friends in summer. Sometimes we would forget to eat our midday
meals. Another interesting memory is the village hat. The hat used to sit twice
a weak near a river. I usually went there with some other children. But happy
days did not last long. My father got an appointment in a town school and moved
there immediately with all the members of the family. The leaving of my native
village is the bitterest experience of my life. Though I am now a young man. I
still cherish the sweet memories of my happy childhood days spent in the
charming environment of my village.
SATELLITE TV CHANNELS
(a)
What do
you understand by satellite TV channels? (b) Do you think them to be
beneficial? (c) Do you think that some channels cause cultural decay and moral
degeneration? (d) How can our national culture be fostered and enriched? (e)
Can you make any suggestions regarding the positive use of the satellite TV
channels?
Television channels broadcast by the use of
satellite is called Satellite TV channels. There is no unmixed blessing on
earth. Everything has its dark side. Despite the dark side of the programmes of
satellite TV, it is beneficial. Some channels cause cultural decay and moral
degradation by telecasting obscene and violent movies, music, dance and song.
Young people most often watch the exciting films on violence and crime. They
also see the obscene films. All these things leave a damaging effect on their
soft mind. If once bad things lay root deeply in their soft mind, it will
remain in their mind. We can enrich and foster our national culture by
telecasting programmes enriched with our own age old traditional social values
in stead of frequent telecast of satellite cultural programmes. We should try
to imitate what Is good in satellite culture and give up what is bad there.
A BEGGAR
(a) Who is a beggar? (b) Why is begging
regarded as a serious social problem? (c) What does begging create in the
beggar? (d) What are the reasons behind this problem? (e) What are the effects
of the beggar problem in our country? (f) Can you suggest any remedy for this
problem?
A beggar is a person who begs from door to
door. There are some beggar who beg on streets. They are called street beggars.
Begging is not a profession. It is a social problem. Though beggars earn money
by begging, they do not contribute to the economy. That is why begging is not
regarded as work or profession. In fact, begging is the result of our poor
socio-economic system. Beggars do not have any social dignity or recognition.
They are the ignoble persons in the society. They live on the mercy of others. So
everybody feels pity for them or looks down upon them. Begging creates
dependency on others, Idleness and self-pity in the beggar. Deprivation,
extreme want, lack of work and lack of social security are the causes of this
problem. Many people lose their everything in natural disaster like flood,
river erosion or some fatal diseases and accidents and become so helpless that
they turn to begging for survival. Breakdown of poor families and lack of
support from the family members also lead many people to begging. Begging has
negative effects on society and economy. It is a loss of potential human energy
and workforce. It also causes some social evils. NGO's and micro-credit
organisations can come forward to solve the problem by developing programmes
for the destitute people so that they can earn and live well. Govt. should have
social security belt that will support the very poor-section of the society.
Recently govt. is giving monetary help to the impoverished and older peope. The
amount of money and number of beneficiaries should be increased. If rich people
do their social responsibility and extend their helping hands, begging will
reduce to a great extent.
LOAD-SHEDDING
(a) What is load shedding? (b) When and why
does it occur? (c) What are the effects of load shedding? (d) Who are the worst
sufferers? (e) How can we minimize load shedding? Load-shedding means the
discontinuation of supply of electricity. Load-shedding occurs
when generation of power is less than the
demand and also for unplanned distribution of electricity. It creates problems
of far reaching consequences in the socio-economic development of a country.
Houses, mills, factories, Industries, shops, hospitals all fall a victim to it.
The running mills, factories and industries come to a standstill. Failure of
elecricity hampers productivity. Domestic life becomes painful. The housewives
grope in the darkness in the kitchen. The sufferings of the students due to
load shedding beggar description. The patients also suffer terribly for
load-shedding. Operations are stopped. The food kept in the refrigerators get
rotten. The commodities preserved in cold storages get spoiled. In fact,
load-shedding ding causes causes great sufferings sufl to the people and an
irreparable loss to the country. The entire life-domestic and industrial-comes
to a standstill. An all out effort should be made to install more and more
power houses to generate electricity. At the same time austerity should be
maintainted in using electricity.
THE PLACE I LIVE IN
(a) Where do you live in? (b) How long have you
been living there? (c) How is the environment of your locality? (d) What are
the facilities that you can enjoy? (e) What are the special attractions of the
place?
I live in Rajshahi City. It is a midium sized
town. I have been living there for the last four years. I live with my parents.
My father is a government officer at Rajshahi. I live in a quarter. Rajshahi is
a simple but nice city. It is not as crowded as Dhaka. The locality where I
live in is also very nice. The environment is very healthy. There is no noise,
rubbish or pollution there There is not much vehicles on the road. In fact, it
is a calm, quiet and clean area. Drainage system, rubbish disposal and water
supply is very good here. There are a lot of trees all around. So the place is
also green and shady and the air is fresh. Communication and facilities for
education are also available here. The big river Padma and Rajshahi Zoo are
very near from here. A big play ground and some stepped ponds are special
attractions. I simply love my locality.
A NUCLEAR FAMILY
(a) What kind of family do you live In? (b)
Extended or nuclear?
(e) Why is nuclear family nuclear family? (e)
What getting popularity now-a-days? (d) What are the advantages in a are the
disadvantages of it?
I live in Dhaka City with my parents. I live in
a nuclear family. But I have relatives and other family members in the
villages. Previously my parents lived with my grandparents in the villages. And
it was an extended family. But things have changed now. They no longer like to
live within such a big family. In cities extended families are breaking down
and nuclear families are getting popularity mainly for economic and social
reasons. In a nuclear family, there are a very few people. So there are less
noise. work and responsibility. Everyone in a nuclear family is very close to
each other and spends time for each other. However, a nuclear family has its
disadvantages too. As there is no intra-family relations. the members of a
nuclear family often suffer from loneliness and boredom. They are often too
busy to care for others in the family. This often creates tension and gap among
the family members.
GOOD HEALTH
(a) What do you mean by good health? (b) How
can one keep good health? (c) Do all people of our country get necessary things
for keeping good health? (d) How much are our people aware of health rules? (e)
What is most important for a sound health?
Good health means the health free from all
kinds of diseases-both physical and mental. It also means the soundness of the
body and the mind. One can keep good health by following the rules necessary
for maintaining good health. He is to eat a balanced diet and drink pure water.
He has to take rest and physical exercise. He must enjoy sound sleep. All the
people of our country do not get necessary things for keeping good health
because most of the people are very poor. They cannot enjoy two square meals a
day-let alone a balanced diet. Since most of the people are illiterate and
poor, they have no knowledge about sound health. They do not realize the
importance of keeping good health. So they are not much aware of health rules.
To take a balanced diet, physical exercise and above all consciousness about
health are most important for a sound health.
IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING ENGLISH
(1) Why is English so important? (ii) Why
should we learn it? (il) What benefits do we get from learning English? (iv)
What is the present position of English in Bangladesh? (v) What are your
suggestions to improve it?
English is an international language. It is
widely used and spoken, all over the world. It is the medium of communication
and correspondence in the business world and international relations. English
is also the medium of instructions in most of the colleges and universities in
the world. English is needed to communicate and do business across national
borders. That is why English is so important. We should learn English for
higher education as most of the books are written in English. Any information
is available in English. So to get access to any information, we need English,
Learning English benefits us in many ways. It helps us while we travel abroad to
do business with other nations and maintain communication with them. It also
helps us to get a good job and better salaries. English is the second language
in Bangladesh as it is widely used in almost every sector of the country.
However, our students ar are not quite good in English. They try to learn
English by cramming. Their target is to get good marks in the exam rather than
learn the language. But to keep pace with the modern world, they must improve
their skill in English. My suggestions for them are that they should spend more
time and be very serious in learning English. They should use and speak English
in every sphere without bothering about the mistakes. They should also listen
to English programmes and read English books and newspapers. This will help
them a lot
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