narration rules in bangla । passage narration rules । Direct narration | indirect Narration
👉narration rules in bangla । passage narration rules । Direct narration | indirect Narration
Narration বা উক্তি ইংরেজী ব্যকরণের মধ্যে একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পাঠ। মাধ্যমিক, উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক সকল শ্রেণীর পরীক্ষায় ও বিভিন্ন চাকুরী পরীক্ষায় Narration থেকে প্রশ্ন আসে। আপনারা যাতেNarration বা উক্তি সহজেই সমাদান করতে পারেন । এজন্য আমরা এ অংশে Narration এর সহজ নিয়ম নিয়ে আলোচনা করেছি।
Narration item টি তে ভাল দক্ষতা অর্জনের জন্য শিক্ষার্থীকে নিচের বিষয়গুলোর ওপর স্পষ্ট ধারনা থাকতে হবে:
- Person/Subject +object
- sentences
- Tense
- word order
- Sentence Rearragement
- Use of linking Word
what is narration?
বক্তা যা বলে তাই উক্তি বা Narration
Narration কত প্রকার ?
দুই প্রকার যথা:
১। Direct Narration (প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তি)
২। Indirect Narration (পরোক্ষ উক্তি)
what is direct narration?
যখন কোনো ব্যাক্তি অন্যের ভাষাকে হুবহু বলেন বা প্রকাশ করে তখন তাকে Direct Narration বলে।
Example: Toni said, “I will go to Dhaka tomorrow”
Lets learn more about Narration /Passage Narration
👉Different rules of passage narration
👉Narration of Imperative Sentence
👉Narration of optative Sentence
what is indirect narration?
যখন কোন ব্যক্তি অনের বাষাকে নিজের মত করে বলে বা প্রকাশ করে তখন তাকে Indirect Narration: বলে।
Example: Toni said that he would go to Dhaka the next day
নিচের Sentence টি লক্ষ্য কর
Toni said to me, “I will go to Dhaka tomorrow”
এখানে Toni হলো Speaker
Said to হল Reporting verb
me হল Listener
“..” হল Inverted comma
“I will go to Dhaka tomorrow” হল Reported speech
👉Narration এর সহজ নিয়ম | Narration Rules in Bangla
Narration এর কয়েকটি পদক্ষেপ নিচে দেয়া হল:
একটি Direct Narration এর প্রধান দুটি অংশ যথা-
১. Reporting Verb
২. Reported Speech
১. Reporting verb: যে verb টি ব্যবহার করে বক্তার বক্তব্য প্রকাশ করে তাকে Reporting verb বলে।
২. Reported speech: Inverted comma এর মধ্যে যে বাক্যটি থাকে তাকে Reported Speech বলে।
বিঃদ্রঃ Reporting verb এর আগে যে পদটি ব্যবহার করা হয় তা Reporting verb এর Subject ও Reporting verb এর পরে যদি কোন পদ থাকে, তাকে Reporting verb এর Object বলে।
উদাহরন:Nomita said to Harun, “ I shall wait here for you.”
Lets learn more about Narration /Passage Narration
👉Different rules of passage narration
👉Narration of Imperative Sentence
👉Narration of optative Sentence
এখানে Nomita হলো Reporting verb এর Subject আর Harun হলো Reporting verb এর Object ।
Different Reporting verb as far sentence
Said পরিবর্তিত হবে
👉 Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তনগুলো নিম্নে দেয়া হল:
- Assertive
Example: Direct: He said, “ I write a poem”
Indirect: He said that he wrote a poem
Direct: He said to me, “ I have done the sum ”
Indirect: He told me that he had done the sum
- Interrogative
Direct: He said to me, “Will you do this ? ”
Indirect: He asked me if I would do this.
Direct . Maha said to Kamal, “Why are you talking ? ’’
Indirect :Maha asked Kamal Why he was talking .
- Imperative
Direct: The old man said to me, “Please give me a glass of water’
Indirect. The old man requested me to give him a glass of water.
Direct: Father said to his son , “ Always speak the truth”
Indirect: Father advised his son to speak the truth always.
Direct: Samsul said to me, “Go home at once”
Indirect: Samsul ordered me to go home at once .
Direct: Romel said to me, “Don’t do this”
Indirect: Romelforbade me to do that.
Direct: I said to him, “Excuse me”
Indirect I begged him ie excuse.
Direct: The commander said, “Fire on”
Indirect: The commander commanded to ore on
Direct: He said to me , “ Let us go out for a walk”
Indirect He proposed that we should go out for a walk.
Narration এর সহজ নিয়ম | Narration Rules in Bangla
Lets learn more about Narration /Passage Narration
👉Different rules of passage narration
👉Narration of Imperative Sentence
👉Narration of optative Sentence
- Optative
Direct: Father said to me, “May Allah bless you my son”
Indirect: Father wished me that Allah might bless me
Direct:Rima said, “ Long live our president”
Indirect: Rima wished that our president might live long.
- Exclamatory
Direct. The captain said, “Hurrah! We have won the game.”
Indirect: The captain exclaimed with joy that they had won the game.
Direct: He said, “What a nice place it is!”
Indirect: He exclaimed with wonder that it was a very nice place.
Direct: He said, “Alas! My father is dead “
Indirect He exclaimed with sorrow that his father was dead.
👉 Use of Linking word in Narration
কমা ও Inverted কমা উঠানোর জন্য আমরা নিমোক্ত linking word গুলো ব্যবহার করতে হবে ।
Narration এর সহজ নিয়ম | Narration Rules in Bangla
বিভিন্ন sentence এর Linking word এর ব্যাবহার গুলো নিম্নে দেয়া হল:
- Assertive
Example: Direct: He said, “ I write a poem”
Indirect: He said that he wrote a poem
Direct: He said to me, “ I have done the sum ”
Indirect: He told me that he had done the sum
- Interrogative
Direct: He said to me, “Will you do this ? ”
Indirect: He asked me if I would do this.
Direct . Maha said to Kamal, “Why are you talking ? ’’
Indirect :Maha asked Kamal Why he was talking .
N.B: যদি Interrogative Sentence টি Auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে If আর যদি Wh Word দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে সেই Wh Word টি Linking word হিসাবে বসবে।
Narration এর সহজ নিয়ম | Narration Rules in Bangla
Lets learn more about Narration /Passage Narration
👉Different rules of passage narration
👉Narration of Imperative Sentence
👉Narration of optative Sentence
- Imperative
Direct: Samsul said to me, “Go home at once”
Indirect: Samsul ordered me to go home at once .
Direct: Romel said to me, “Don’t do this”
Indirect: Romelforbade me to do that.
Direct: I said to him, “Excuse me”
Indirect I begged him ie excuse.
Direct: The commander said, “Fire on”
Indirect: The commander commanded to ore on
Direct: He said to me , “ Let us go out for a walk”
- Optative
Direct: Father said to me, “May Allah bless you my son”
Indirect: Father wished me that Allah might bless me
Direct:Rima said, “ Long live our president”
Indirect: Rima wished that our president might live long.
- Exclamatory
Direct. The captain said, “Hurrah! We have won the game.”
Indirect: The captain exclaimed with joy that they had won the game.
Direct: He said, “What a nice place it is!”
Indirect: He exclaimed with wonder that it was a very nice place.
Narration এর সহজ নিয়ম | Narration Rules in Bangla
👉Person Change in narration
- I, me, my, we, us, our → (পরিবর্তন হবে subject অনুসারে)
- you, your (পরিবর্তন হবে object অনুসারে)
- he,she,his,her.him,they,them,their অপরিবর্তিত থাকে
Direct: Roni said,“ I shall do the work”
Indirect: Roni said that he would do the work
Direct: Rahul said to me, “your pen isnt red”
Indirect: Rahul told me that my pen wasnt red.
Direct: You said to me, “ She likes me”
Indirect: You told me that she liked you.
Direct: Mamun said, “ We play football”
Indirect’ Mamtin said that they played football.
Direct: They said. “ We have done our duty”
Indirect:They said that they had done their duty.
Narration এর সহজ নিয়ম | Narration Rules in Bangla
👉Tense Change/Verb Change
|
Verb Change |
|
|
Direct Narration |
Indirect Narration |
|
am |
was |
|
is |
was |
|
are |
were |
|
have |
Had |
|
has |
|
|
Have |
|
|
Have been |
|
|
Has been |
|
|
ate |
Had eaten |
|
was |
Had been |
|
were |
|
|
shall |
should |
|
will |
would |
|
may |
might |
|
can |
could |
|
Must/have to |
Had to |
Example :
Direct: Momita said, ”1 am ill”
Indirect: Momita said that he was ill
Direct: Tahi said , “ They are student”
Indirect: Tahi said that they were student
Direct: Roki said, “He has written a letter.’
Indirect: Roki said that he had written a letter
Direct: He said, “I write a letter”
Indirect: He said that he wrote a letter
Direct: Nahar said to me, “You did the work”
Indirect: Nahar told me that I had done the work
Direct: Mim said, “I shall see the patient”
Indirect: Mim said that she would see the patient
Narration এর সহজ নিয়ম | Narration Rules in Bangla
👉*** তবে must দ্বারা যদি চিরন্তন বাধ্যকতা বুঝায় তাহলে must এর কোনা পরিবর্তন নেই অন্য দিকে would, could, might, should, ought to এর কোন পরিবর্তন নেই।
Direct: The teacher said to the students, “ You must obey your parents ”
Indirect: The teacher told the students that they must obey their parents
Direct: Tareq said, “ I could do the sum” Indirect: Tareq said that he could do the sum.
Direct: Motin said, “ I might go to the function.” Indirect: Motin said that he might go to the function
Direct: Habib said to me , “ We should do our duty.” Indirect: Habib that we should do our duty.
👉N.B: We দ্বারা যদি Speaker I listener উভয়কে বুঝায়কে তাহলে We এর কোন পরিবর্তন নেই। আবার We দ্বারা যদি সমগ্র মানবজাতিকে বুঝায় তাহলেও We এর কোন পরিবর্তন নেই।
Direct: He said, “We are mortal.”
Indirect: He said that We are mortal.
Direct: Iham said, “You ought to obey your parents”
Indirect: Iham said that I ought to obey my parents.
Lets learn more about Narration /Passage Narration
👉Different rules of passage narration
👉Narration of Imperative Sentence
👉Narration of optative Sentence
👉*** চিরন্তন সত্য ও অভ্যাসগত কর্মের কোন পরিবর্তন নেই।
Direct: Mother said, “ The sun rises in the east”
Indirect: Mother said that the sun rises in the east.
Direct: Shamim said, “ 1 get up at 5 am”
Indirect: Shamim said that he gets up at 5 am.
👉Word change
- hello/Hi-greeting/greeted
- by allah-swearing by allah
- Yes -replied in the affirmative and said that
- No-replied in the negative
- Sir/madam -respectfully
Narration এর সহজ নিয়ম | Narration Rules in Bangla
Example:
Direct: Tuhin said, “I buy this pen”
Indirect: Tuhin said that i bought that pen
Direct: Resma said, “1 don’t like these nonsense”
Indirect: Resma said that she did not like those nonsense
Direct: He said, “I live here”
Indirect: He said that he lived there .
Direct: Nasid said, “I will do the sum now.”
Indirect: Nasid said that he would do the sum then
Direct: Rima said, “I shall see the patient tomorrow”
Indirect: Rima said that she would see the patient the next day.
Direct: He said, “I wrote a letter yesterday”
Indirect: He said that he had written a letter the previous day
Direct: He said, “I must do it today”
Indirect: He said that he had to do it that day
Direct: The Manager said to the Director, “Sir, I need two days leave”
Indirect: The Manager respectfully told the Director that he needed two days leave.
Direct: Rakib said, “Yes, I Shall go to the madraj.”
Indirect: Rakib replied in the affirmative and said that he would go to Madraj.
Direct: Reba said, “ No,I can do the sum ”
Indirect: Reba replied in the negative and said that she could do the sum.
Direct:Johir said to me 1 did it last week”
Indirect: Johir said to me he had done it the previous week.
👉Rules of Passage Narration
- সমস্ত Passage টি পড়ে Speaker ও (শ্রোতা) listener এবং sentence গুলোর ক্রিয়ার ধরণ সনাক্ত করে নিতে হবে।
- Reporting verb টি মাঝে বা শেষে থাকলেও Indirect করার সময় sentence শুরুতে নিয়ে আসতে হবে।
Narration এর সহজ নিয়ম | Narration Rules in Bangla
Direct: You look a little bit like my mother” Resma said to the authoress, “Especially in the dark by the fire”
Indirect: Resma told the authoress that she looked a little bit like his mother, especially in the dark by the fire.
Lets learn more about Narration /Passage Narration
👉Different rules of passage narration
👉Narration of Imperative Sentence
👉Narration of optative Sentence
- কোন বক্তার পর দুটি (Speech) থাকলে এবং তা যদি same kinds of sentence হয় তবে and + link দিয়ে যুক্ত করা যায়, speaker + reporting verb কে আবার লেখার দরকার হয় না।
- তবে ৩য় টিও যদি same kinds of sentence হয় তবে আবার Speaker + further/again + reporting verb দিয়ে শুরু করতে হবে।
Direct: Raju said, “ I can chop some wood today. I shall come again tomorrow. I always keep my words”
Indirect: He said that he could chop some wood that day and that he would come again the next day. He further said that he always kept his word.
- যদি ২য় বাক্যটি প্রথম বাক্যের কারণ প্রকাশ করে সেক্ষেত্রে শুধুমাত্র since/as w দিয়েও যুক্ত করা যায়। Gfv‡e Sentence এভাবে এর মধ্যের সম্পর্ক অনুসারে যে কোন linker বসানো যায়।
Direct “ I will not come tomorrow. I am ill” he said.
Indirect: He said that he would not come the next day as he was ill.
- Direct narration এ কাউকে আহবান করা হলে Indirect narration এ শুরুতে Addressing বসাতে হয় ।
Direct : He said. “ Friends, help me”
Indirect: Addressing them as friends requested to help them.
👉FAQ
What are examples of narration questions?
What is the narration answer?
What is an example of passage narration?
How to do passage narration?
👉writter
Ibrahim Khalil
BA (Hons) in English, MA,ELT
Dhaka University (7 College)
Assistant Teacher in english
Tag
#narration
#narration_in_english
#passapge_narration
#rules_of_passage_narration
#narration_rules
#narration_rules_in_bangla
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